Modification of scope notes and ranges for E81-P123-P124

In the 43rd joint meeting of the CIDOC CRM SIG and ISO/TC46/SC4/WG9; 36th FRBR - CIDOC CRM Harmonization meeting, the sig reviewed the modified the definitions for E81, P123 and P124 (SS’s HW), and accepted them with minor modifications. 
HW: ET is to provide examples that are easily accessible but also relevant for E81 and its properties (P123, P124) alike. 
The new definitions can be found here.

Heraklion, March 2019

Posted by Eleni Tsoulouch and Athina Kritsotaki on 21/2/2020

Here are the examples

Posted by George on 6/10/2020

Dear all,

Posted by Robert Sanderson on 6/10/2020

NO

The examples are inconsistent with regards to the use of the class numbers, both internally and in relation to other examples.

Secondly, the transformation should be physical -- the /use/ of a church as a stable is not /necessarily/ a physical transformation. A clearer example should be selected please.

Posted by Martijn Van Leusen on 7/10/2020

I vote YES with a caveat, about the following line:

• The death and the carbonization by the intense heat of a 300 °C gas cloud (E69) of the people of Pompeii resulted in  petrified and later preserved in plaster bodies (E22).

The addition of 'later preserved in plaster'  introduces a potential confusion, because other processes (excavation, conservation by plaster) intervene. I suggest to omit this phrase. And recent publications suggest the temperature was 500 degrees centigrade, so better leave off the 300 degrees as well....

Posted by Martin on 7/10/2020

The death and the carbonization by the intense heat of a 300 °C gas cloud (E69) of people of Pompeii resulted in  petrified and later preserved in plaster bodies (E22)

May be better:

"The death and the carbonization by the intense heat of a gas cloud (E69) of some people of Pompeii in 79AD resulted in petrified bodies that could later be preserved in plaster (E22) ."

Posted by George on 18/10/2020

I agree with Rob on this one, No and for the same reasons. I don't think that the multi class examples are a good idea. I think it gets into the business of how to model which is decision on a case by case basis. I also agree that the examples for changing a building have to do with a function of the building rather than their physical state. They are good examples no critique there, but the examples should unequivocally point to a physical change if they are to be for E81. So if we were to keep the same ones we would need to talk about the physical aspect of the transformation, such as the removal of pews and installation of bookshelves and removal of all holy items and installation of cash registers in order to make a bookstore out of a church (is the change irreversible, is it in fact a transformation or just a modification). Perhaps we could just keep the example of pompeii and of Tut-Ankh-Amun? Otherwise, if we keep the a building example, it should be really characteristic that some physical aspect of its form is changed such that it has a new form. I think we risk that this case will continuously be confused with function.  Maybe if we want an architectural example we could talk about the reuse of one building or part of a building being used in construction of another?

I think of the example of the Little Metropolis in Athens: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Metropolis . It is made up of spolia. Some of those spolia were transformed in the construction in order to make new objects.  There is a good article on this church here: https://www.academia.edu/2971890/Making_Sense_of_the_Spolia_in_the_Little_Metropolis_in_Athens

On page 99 the author talks about an ancient icon of a satyr which is reused. It is castrated and then put in a frame with two crosses. This makes a new object and perhaps achieves our definition of transformation vis a via an object so radically transformed it has a new identity? If not the castrated satyr, there may be other examples of interest in the story of this church

https://www.academia.edu/2971890/Making_Sense_of_the_Spolia_in_the_Little_Metropolis_in_Athens

E81 examples

The castration of the satyr and its joining two two crosses for use in the Little Metropolis Church 

p123 resulted in

The castration of the satyr and its joining two two crosses for use in the Little Metropolis Church resulted in the Little Metropolis Christian Satyr Panel N7 (E22)

p124 transformed

The castration of the satyr and its joining two two crosses for use in the Little Metropolis Church transformed the pagan Satyr icon (E22)

Again there is a change of function and symbolism going on, but there is a particular change in physical form which destroys one object (I assume more than castration went on to get just this figure) and creates a new object (the identifiable panel which has a new composition)

We can discuss at SIG whether that makes any sense.

Posted by Martin on 19/10/2020

Dear George,

I agree that the E81 examples were not mature for e-vote. I completely revised all examples as homework to be discussed tomorrow, because there are more errors in them. More examples of course welcome. I maintain that the multiclass examples are intrinsic to the whole idea of transformation. I understand Rob's hesitations, but I believe it is not useful to discuss if multiple instantiation can or should be avoided every time it appears. Either we accept it for the CRM or not. If we accept it, we must provide reasonable examples for it.

The question when to talk about a modification or transformation should be discussed in issue 509 on Thursday.

Here my rework for tomorrow:

Current Examples: 

• the death and mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (transformation of Tut-Ankh-Amun from a living person to a mummy) (E69, E81, E7)

• The death and petrification of the people of Pompeii during the eruption of Vesuvius in the first century B.C (E69, E81, E7)

• The transformation of the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht from a church to a stable for the French cavalry in 1795 (following Napoleon’s invasion)

• The transformation of the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht building from printing house to a bookshop in 2006

New Examples: 

• The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) [the mummification of the body of the deceased is a human production process and simultaneously preserves structures of the body at and before death]

• The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69,E81)

• The transformation of the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht from a church to a stable for the French cavalry in 1795 (E81,E12) [following Napoleon’s invasion]

• The transformation of the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht building from printing house to a bookshop in 2006 (E81,E12)

P123 resulted in (resulted from)

Domain:  E81 Transformation Range:  E18 Physical Thing Subproperty of: E63 Beginning of Existence. P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by): E77 Persistent Item Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope note: This property identifies the E18 Physical Thing or things that are the result of an E81 Transformation. New items replace the transformed item or items, which cease to exist as units of documentation. The physical continuity between the old and the new is expressed by the link to the common Transformation.

Current Examples: 

• the transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81) resulted in the City Hall of Heraklion (E22) 

• The death and mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81) resulted in the Mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22 and E20)

• The death and the carbonization by the intense heat of a gas cloud of some people of Pompeii in 79AD (E69,E81) resulted in petrified bodies that could later be preserved in plaster (E22)

• The transformation of the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht into a stable (E81) resulted in Stable for the French Cavalry (E22)

• The transformation of the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht into a bookstore (E21) resulted in the Selexyz Dominicanen bookstore (E22)

New Examples: 

• the transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81,E12) resulted in the City Hall of Heraklion (E24) [AND: P108 has produced the City Hall of Heraklion (E22)]

• The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81,E12) resulted in the Mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22,E20) [also: P108 has produced the Mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22,E20)]

• The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69,E81) resulted in petrified bodies (E20) [Some of these bodies could later be preserved in plaster]

• The transformation of the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht into a stable (E81,E12) resulted in Stable for the French Cavalry (E24) [AND: P108 has produced Stable for the French Cavalry (E24)]

• The transformation of the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht into a bookstore (E81,E12) resulted in the Selexyz Dominicanen bookstore (E24) [AND: P108 has produced the Selexyz Dominicanen bookstore (E24)]

P124 transformed (was transformed by)

Domain:  E81 Transformation

Range:  E18 Physical Thing

Subproperty of: E64 End of Existence. P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by): E77 Persistent Item

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)

Scope note: This property identifies the E18 Physical Thing or things that have ceased to exist due to a E81 Transformation.

The item that has ceased to exist and was replaced by the result of the Transformation. The continuity between both items, the new and the old, is expressed by the link to the common Transformation.

Current Examples: 

• the transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81) transformed the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion (E22)

• the death and mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81) transformed the ruling Pharao Tut-Ankh-Amun (E21)

• The death and the petrification of the people of Pompeii during the eruption of Vesuvius transformed the people of Pompeii (E21)

• The transformation of the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht into a stable for the French cavalry (E91) transformed the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht.

• The transformation of the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht into a bookstore transformed the Dominicaner Kerk building in Maastricht.

New Examples:

• The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81,E12) transformed the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion (E24)

• The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81) transformed the deceased Pharao Tut-Ankh-Amun (E21)

• The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69,E81) transformed some people of Pompeii (E21) [AND: P100 was death of some people of Pompeii (E21) ]

• The transformation of the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht into a stable for the French cavalry (E81,E12) transformed the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht (E24).

• The transformation of the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht into a bookstore (E81,E12) transformed the Dominicanenkerk building in Maastricht (E24).

Posted by Martin on 21/10/2020

Here an example from Athina:

The transformation of House of the Tiles in Lerna to a tumulus (formed of the debris of the  House of the Tiles by fire) in Early Helladic III (E81, E12).

THE BURYING OF THE HOUSE HAPPENED WITHOUT A TEMPORAL BREAK.
CONTEXT: The house was cleared in such a way as to leave a low tumulus over the site. The destruction of the building was first attributed by John Langdon Caskey to an invasion of Greeks and/or Indo-Europeans during the Early Helladic III period. In reality, the elaborate structure of the tumulus built by the Early Helladic III people over the ruins of the House of the Tiles indicates a "showing of respect for their predecessors that one would not expect of invaders of a different culture.

Posted by Martin on 21/10/2020

What about adding the following paragraph to the scope note of E81:
 

E81 Transformation

Subclass of:  E63 Beginning of Existence

E64 End of Existence

Scope note: 

This class comprises the events that result in the simultaneous destruction of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing and the creation of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing that preserves recognizable substance and structure from the first one(s) but has fundamentally different nature or identity.

Although the old and the new instances of E18 Physical Thing are treated as discrete entities having separate, unique identities, they are causally connected through the E81 Transformation; the destruction of the old E18 Physical Thing(s) directly causes the creation of the new one(s) using or preserving some relevant substance and structure. Instances of E81 Transformation are therefore distinct from re-classifications (documented using E17 Type Assignment) or modifications (documented using E11 Modification) of objects that do not fundamentally change their nature or identity. Characteristic cases are reconstructions and repurposing of historical buildings or ruins, fires leaving buildings in ruins, taxidermy of specimen in natural history.

Even though such instances of E81 Transformation are often motivated by a change of intended use, substantial material changes should justify the documentation of the result as a new instance of E18 Physical Thing and not just the change of function. The latter may be documented as an extended activity (instance of E7 Activity) of using it.

Posted by Martin on 21/10/2020

Further, I have checked the images of the Dominicanenkerk, it appears indeed to be a pure change of use

I support deleting the example..

https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk003oqA7L8A0LZ8TV5yYSFxE9F23jQ:1603295664742&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=dominicanenkerk+maastricht&client=firefox-b-d&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimgcTkhcbsAhU3UhUIHTwGCS8QjJkEegQIBBAB&biw=2112&bih=1001#imgrc=RcLBb4IpIxgknM&imgdii=Fd5H68UduQMvKM
 

Posted by Martin on 21/10/2020

Dear All,

These are also typical transformations:

https://www.17apart.com/2013/08/fork-bracelets-story-behind-custom-order.html

I see a lot of E81/E12 patterns, e.g., in modern art. Question, if it deserves a subclass.

Other transformations are by environmental/physical impact, I think highly relevant in archaeology.

and another kind by biological processes, splitting and merging of living organisms.
 

Posted by Martin on 22/10/2020

As it appears that the transformation of the Dominicanenkerk in Maastricht is rather an example for reuse than transformation,

I propose the following example:

The transformation of the Hephaisteion temple in Athens, better known as "Theseion", into a Christian church, dedicated to Saint George around AD 700 [which actually helped preserving part of the antique temple structure from 449BC]