Post by Martin Doerr (20 November 2024)
Dear All,
In the course of harmonizing CRMsci and CRMinf wrt to Observation, I have revised I11 Situation and now provided examples:
I hope you enjoy the examples!
I11 Situation
Subclass of: I4 Proposition Set
Superclass of:
Scope note: This class comprises sets of formal propositions characterizing a particular state of affairs as having certain relations between particular items or within certain ranges or kinds of related entities, over or within a timespan. The respective characterization is in general not regarded as being complete, but constituting an aspect of interest of an actor. It may capture an observed aspect of a real situation, such as some known “persons A and B have met”, or be used for a question, such as if “persons A and B have ever met”, or even for negation, such as “persons A and B have ever met” is “FALSE”.
Since many kinds of properties in the KR framework the CRM is based on do not specify times of validity, optionally a particular timespan, further constraining the concerned validity of all referred properties can be specified using the property J24 held at least for (is at least validity of). The identity of an instance of I11 Situation is given its total content of propositions, regardless encoding, and the value for the property J24 held at least for (is at least validity of), if used. If an instance of I11 is used to characterize an observation, its temporal validity is necessarily constrained at least to the period of observation.
Examples:
- The situation reported by Shaykh Abu Abdallah (Ibn Battuta) about his visit to Cairo, Egypt, in 1326AD: “As for the Maristan [hospital], which lies "between the two castles" near the mausoleum of Sultan Qala'un, no description is adequate to its beauties. It contains an innumerable quantity of appliances and medicaments, and its daily revenue is put as high as a thousand dinars.”
[After the translation by H.A.R Gibb 1926 of the travel report by Ibn Battuta, from Tanger, Marocco. The Maristan exists still today, but this is the original report about its operation by an eye witness in the year 1326] (Ibn Battuta 1926, pp. 50-51)
- The situation reported by Shaykh Abu Abdallah (Ibn Battuta) about his visit to China, in 1354AD : “In every Chinese city there is a quarter for Muslims in which they live by themselves, and in which they have mosques both for the Friday services and for other religious purposes. The Muslims arc honoured and respected.”
[After the translation by H.A.R Gibb 1926 of the travel report by Ibn Battuta, from Tanger, Marocco. Ibn Battuta visited China, at least the cities of Quanzhou and Hangzhou, in the year 1345-1346] (Ibn Battuta 1926, pp. 283)
- The situation reported by Seydi Ali Reis: arriving with the remainder of his fleet in Surat, Gujarat, India in 1554AD. Sultan Ahmad Shah III, the 12-year-old new ruler of Gujarat, being at war with the usurpator Nasir-ul-Mulk Khan at Burudj. Nasir-ul-Mulk Khan having allied with Portuguese colonies Goa. Melek Essed being commander of Daman, Gujarat, India and Hamza Agha commander of Surat under Sultan Ahmad. The Portuguese being at war with the Ottoman Empire over the control of the Indian Ocean. Sultan Ahmad seeking support by Seydi Ali Reis’ soldiers.
[Seydi Ali Reis (or Katib-I Rumi) (1498-1563), admiral of Egypt of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman I was ordered to transfer a fleet of 15 galleys from Basra, Irak, to Egypt, and driven by heavy storms to the coast of Gujarat. In his book “The Mirror of Countries”, 1557, he reported this expedition and his return home by land through Central Asia. This is a short summary from the German translation pp. 173-176 (Diez 1815)]
- The situation reported by Antonio Pigafetta from Magellan’s voyage at 21st of October 1520, about at S 52°24’ W 69°30’ :”This strait was a round place surrounded by mountains, as I have said, and the greater number of the sailors thought that there was no place by which to go out thence to enter into the peaceful sea. But the captain-general said that there was another strait for going out, and said that he knew it well, because he had seen it by a marine chart of the King of Portugal, which map had been made by a great pilot and mariner named Martin of Bohemia”. (Pigafetta 1874, pp.58)
[Antonio Pigafetta was the chronicler of the voyage, one of the survivors. During the expedition, he served as Magellan's assistant until Magellan's death in the Philippine Islands, and kept an accurate journal. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta).]
In First Order Logic: I11(x) ⇒ I4(x)
Properties: J24 held at least for (is at least validity of): E52 Time-Span
References:
- Diez, Heinrich Friedrich, (1815) Denkwürdigkeiten von Asien in Künsten und Wissenschaften, Sitten, Gebräuchen und Alterthümern, Religion und Regierungsverfassung aus Handschriften und eigenen Erfahrungen gesammelt Diez, Heinrich Friedrich von Berlin, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt Digitale Bibliothek des Sondersammelgebietes Vorderer Orient urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-79299.
- Ibn Battuta, travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, translated by H.A.R. Gibb, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., London, 1929. Digital Version: Digital Library of India Item 2015.62617 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62617/page/n5/mode/2up,
- Pigafetta, Antonio. Pigafetta's Account of Magellan's Voyage. In: Lord Stanley of Aldekley (1874) , The First Voyage Round the World by Magellan. (Translated from the accounts of Pigafetta and other contemporary writers, by Lord Stanley of Aldekley.) London, printed for the Hakluyt Society MDCCCLXXIV (1874). Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Public Library https://archive.org/details/firstvoyageround00piga