Make compatibility statements in CRM for spatiotemporal Entities

Dear All, I have the feeling that we have not sufficiently understood the consequences of defining a spacetime snapshot in the genericity currently proposed. It can end up in curious non-contiguous volumes, such as the multiple Chinese expansions into Vietnam, which lacks an inner causality.

Following the principle not to model things we have not really understood in their identity conditions and consequences, I suggest to restrict the notion of Snapshot to the original utility, saying where something is within a particular timespan. 

In the 30th crm-sig meeting, it is decided 

(a) to revise the scope note of E93 Snapshot and the properties P162 and P163 to be deleted. MD will rewrite the scope note of E93. 
(b) to revise the scope note of E52 to express the requirement of continuity in time 
(c) then we have to state that a period must be contiguous in time but not in space 
(d) P157 the inverse has to do with the reference place. An issue is if it is a reference point (MD will think about this) 
(e) P158 needs a complete revision 
(f) we have to revise the quantification of the space time volume and P4 

Hague April 2014

Posted by Martin 3/2/2015

Dear All,

Property P4 currently reads:

P4 has time-span (is time-span of)

Domain:                              E2 Temporal Entity

Range:                  E52 Time-Span

Quantification:   many to one, necessary, dependent (1,1:1,n)

Scope note:         This property describes the temporal confinement of an instance of an E2 Temporal Entity.

The related E52 Time-Span is understood as the real Time-Span during which the phenomena were active, which make up the temporal entity instance. It does not convey any other meaning than a positioning on the “time-line” of chronology. The Time-Span in turn is approximated by a set of dates (E61 Time Primitive). A temporal entity can have in reality only one Time-Span, but there may exist alternative opinions about it, which we would express by assigning multiple Time-Spans. Related temporal entities may share a Time-Span. Time-Spans may have completely unknown dates but other descriptions by which we can infer knowledge.

Examples:         

§  the Yalta Conference (E7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (E52)

I believe in the discussion in October about Temporal Entities sharing time-spans we have confused the
equality of the begin of a timespan of an event causally starting/ finishing a Temporal Entity (coronation & death of a king) with the total time-span of the respective temporal entity.

I therefore maintain that E52 is the phenomenal time-span, and equally unique as the respective phenomenal Space-Time Volume in case of an E4 Period, except for differences of relativistic temporal reference spaces.
Even if "Related temporal entities may share a Time-Span", I'd argue that it is methodologically wrong from
a perspective of documentation to express such a fact indirectly through the time, rather than via the causality in terms of the shared events. I'd argue that any such equality must exclusively be based on shared phenomena which can/should directly be expressed in the CRM.
The fact that there may be alternative opinions is inconsistent with the method of assigning quantification in the CRM. They all describe reality regardless alternative opinions.

Therefore I propose:

P4 has time-span (is time-span of)

Domain:                              E2 Temporal Entity

Range:                  E52 Time-Span

Quantification:    one to one (1,1:1,1)

Scope note:         This property describes the temporal confinement of an instance of an E2 Temporal Entity.

The related E52 Time-Span is understood as the real Time-Span during which the phenomena were active, which make up the temporal entity instance. It does not convey any other meaning than a positioning on the “time-line” of chronology. The Time-Span in turn is approximated by a set of dates (E61 Time Primitive). A temporal entity can have only one Time-Span., Time-Spans may have completely unknown dates but other descriptions by which we can infer knowledge.

Examples:         

§  the Yalta Conference (E7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (E52)

Posted by  Øyvind on 6/2/2015

Dear all,

Here is my homework on the scope note for E4.

The main changes are connected to what we discussed in the last meeting, making clear that the spatial area of island cultures may include the sea between the islands. I also added a clause about overlapping land use that makes sense to me.

In addition, I made a clarification about the relationship between E4 and E53 which would have helped me if I were a new user. Not sure it fits here, may be it should be in E53 and/or in a general part.

The scope note is a bit (too) long but I suppose it will have to be adjusted again after the E92 invasion. Maybe we can move some stuff elsewhere then.

E4 Period

Subclass of:     E2 Temporal Entity

Superclass of: E5 Event

Scope note:     This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations bounded in time and space.

It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal bounds. These bounds are a mere approximation of the actual process of growth, spread and retreat. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods.

As the actual extent of an E4 Period in spacetime we regard the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in an instance of E4 Period, the open spaces via which they have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of the respective period or event, such as the air in a meeting room transferring the voices. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena spreading out over islands or other separated areas. Whether In these cases, the trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas are not regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent or not has to be decided in each case based on a concrete analysis, taking use of the sea for other purposes than travel, such as fishing, into consideration. Consequently, instances of E4 Period may occupy each a limited number of disjoint spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the total timespan covered by these spacetime volumes.

Typically this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. Geopolitical units may be distributed over disconnected areas, such as islands or colonies. In such cases, the spatiotemporal extent is composed of more than one spacetime volume. One may argue that the activities to govern disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it appears counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international waters as extensions of geopolitical units. Nevertheless, an instance of E4 Period must be contiguous in time. I.e., if it has ended in all areas, it has ended as a whole, but it may involve one area after another, such as the Polynesian migration, as long as it is ongoing  at least in one area.

There are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.

There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.

Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.

It should be noted that many uses of the English word “place” and similar words in other languages include social and political aspects of the place, so that such uses of the word rather corresponds to E4 Period than to E53 Place.

Examples:

§  Jurassic

§  European Bronze Age

§  Italian Renaissance

§  Thirty Years War

§  Sturm und Drang

§  Cubism

Properties:

P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place

P8 took place on or within (witnessed): E18 Physical Thing

P9 consists of (forms part of): E4 Period

P10 falls within (contains): E4 Period

P132 overlaps with: E4 Period

P133 is separated from: E4 Period

P158 occupied: E92 Spacetime Volume

It is sent by Martin Doerr on 28/4/2015

Dear All,

Sorry for sending this again and again. In the end, I reviewed all properties that are affected
by the E4 IsA STV, E18 IsA STV, but I did not yet describe the E93 Presence, former "Snapshot".
Since this was assinged in pieces, I send this now hopefully to all volunteers of 234, 235.

Please review....

It is sent by Gerald Hiebel on  13/05/2015

Dear All,
I tried to adapt the proposal to your inputs (I hope that I understood them in the right way), thanks very much for them!
Any suggestions, comments, improvements very welcome,
 

It is sent by Øyvind on 12/5/2015

Dear Gerald,

This looks good to me. Two smaller comments:

1) Given the definition of E53 Place: in Exx Space Primitive the concept of “geometries on or relative to earth” should be extended to include things like coordinates on a ship, places on the moon, and areas of a manuscript page.

2) “GML” in Ex1 Spacetime Primitive: this is polysemous and should be written out in full.

It is sent by Gerald Hiebel  on 16/5/2015

Dear Øyvind,
Thanks for the very good remarks. I will include them and send it start of next week. 

It is posted by Øyvind on 18/5/2015

Please find drafts for new scope notes below.

Best,

Øyvind

E4 Period
Subclass of:                E2 Temporal Entity
                                   E92 Spacetime Volume
Superclass of:            E5 Event

Scope note:                  This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space.

It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods.

Typically this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period.

As the actual extent of an E4 Period in spacetime we regard the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in an instance of E4 Period, the open spaces via which they have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of the respective period or event, such as the air in a meeting room transferring the voices. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena spreading out over islands or other separated areas, including geopolitical units distributed over disconnected areas such as islands or colonies.

Whether the trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas are regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent or not has to be decided in each case based on a concrete analysis, taking use of the sea for other purposes than travel, such as fishing, into consideration. One may also argue that the activities to govern disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it appears counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international waters as extensions of geopolitical units.

Consequently, instances of E4 Period may occupy each a limited number of disjoint spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the total timespan covered by these spacetime volumes.  Nevertheless, an instance of E4 Period must be contiguous in time. I.e., if it has ended in all areas, it has ended as a whole, but it may involve one area after another, such as the Polynesian migration, as long as it is ongoing at least in one area.

We model E4 Period as a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance we can discuss the physical extent of an E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomena while a spacetime volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.

There are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.

There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.

Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.

Examples:
●      Jurassic

●      European Bronze Age

●      Italian Renaissance

●      Thirty Years War

●      Sturm   und Drang

●      Cubism

Properties:
P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place
P8 took place on or within (witnessed): E18 Physical Thing
P9 consists of (forms part of): E4 Period

E18 Physical Thing
Subclass of:       E72 Legal Object
Superclass of:   E19 Physical Object
E24 Physical Man-Made Thing
E26 Physical Feature

Scope Note:     This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, man-made or natural.

Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.

An instances of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space, but in the course of its existence it performs a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the inner of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a number of individually contiguous spacetime volumes equal to the number of unconnected objects that constitute them.

We model E18 Physical Thing to be a subclass of E72 Legal Object and of E92 Spacetime volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance we can discuss the physical extent of an E18 Physical Thing without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E18 Physical Thing is matter while a spacetime volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing. Therefore this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.

The CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states.

Examples:
●      the Cullinan Diamond (E19)

●      the cave “Ideon Andron” in Crete (E26)

●      the Mona Lisa (E22)

Properties:
P44 has condition (is condition of): E3 Condition State
P45 consists of (is incorporated in): E57 Material
P46 is composed of (forms part of): E18 Physical Thing
P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of): E39 Actor
P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of): E39 Actor
P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of): E39 Actor
P52 has current owner (is current owner of): E39 Actor
P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of): E53 Place
P58 has section definition (defines section): E46 Section Definition
P59 has section (is located on or within): E53 Place
P128 carries (is carried by): E90 Symbolic Object