P1 is identified by (identifies)

Domain:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Range:T41 Type of Appellation
Superproperty of:T71 Type of Man-Made Stuff. P102 has title (is title of)
T19 Type of Physical Object. P47 is identified by (identifies)
T52 Type of Time-Span. P78 is identified by (identifies)
T53 Type of Place. P87 is identified by (identifies)
T39 Type of Actor. P131 is identified by (identifies)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the naming or identification of any real world item by a name or any other identifier.

This property is intended for identifiers in general use, which form part of the world the model intends to describe, and not merely for internal database identifiers which are specific to a technical system, unless these latter also have a more general use outside the technical context. This property includes in particular identification by mathematical expressions such as coordinate systems used for the identification of instances of T53 Type of Place. The property does not reveal anything about when, where and by whom this identifier was used. A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path through T15 Type of Identifier Assignment.
Examples:
* the capital of Italy (T53) is identified by Rome (T48)
* text 25014-32 (T33) is identified by "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (T35)


P2 has type (is type of)

Domain:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows sub typing of CRM entities - a form of specialisation - through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus.

The CRM is intended to focus on the high-level entities and relationships needed to describe data structures. Consequently, it does not specialise entities any further than is required for this immediate purpose. However, entities in the isA hierarchy of the CRM may by specialised into any number of sub entities, which can be defined in the T55 Type hierarchy. T51 Type of Contact Point, for example, may be specialised into "e-mail address", "telephone number", "post office box", "URL" etc. none of which figures explicitly in the CRM hierarchy. Sub typing obviously requires consistency between the meaning of the terms assigned and the more general intent of the CRM entity in question.
Examples:
* www.cidoc.icom.org (T51) has type URL (T55)


P3 has note

Domain:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Range:T62 Type of String
Superproperty of:T52 Type of Time-Span. P79 beginning is qualified by
T52 Type of Time-Span. P80 end is qualified by
Quantification:one to many (0,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property is a container for all informal descriptions about an object that cannot be expressed in terms of CRM constructs.

In particular it captures the characterisation of the item itself, its internal structures, appearance etc.
Like property P2 has type (is type of), this property is a consequence of the restricted focus of the CRM. The aim is not to capture, in a structured form, everything that can be said about an item; indeed, the CRM formalism is not regarded as sufficient to express everything that can be said. Good practice requires use of distinct note fields for different aspects of a characterisation. The P2 has type (is type of) property of P3 has note allows differentiation of specific notes, e.g. "construction", "decoration" etc.
An item may have many notes, but a note is attached to a specific item.
Examples:
* coffee mug - OXCMS:1983.1.1 (T19) has note chipped at edge of handle (T62) has type Condition (T55)


P3.1 has type

Domain:P3 has note
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P4 has time-span (is time-span of)

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T52 Type of Time-Span
Quantification:many to one, necessary, dependent (1,1:1,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the temporal confinement of an instance of an T2 Type of Temporal Entity.

The related T52 Type of Time-Span is understood as the real Time-Span during which the phenomena were active, which make up the temporal entity instance. It does not convey any other meaning than a positioning on the "time-line" of chronology. The Time-Span in turn is approximated by a set of dates (T61 Type of Time Primitive). A temporal entity can have in reality only one Time-Span, but there may exist alternative opinions about it, which we would express by assigning multiple Time-Spans. Related temporal entities may share a Time-Span. Time-Spans may have completely unknown dates but other descriptions by which we can infer knowledge.
Examples:
* the Yalta Conference (T7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (T52), ongoing throughout 11 February 1945 (T61)


P5 consists of (forms part of)

Domain:T3 Type of Condition State
Range:T3 Type of Condition State
Quantification:one to many (0,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property describes the decomposition of an T3 Type of Condition State into discrete, subsidiary states.

It is assumed that the sub-states into which the condition state is analysed form a logical whole - although the entire story may not be completely known - and that the sub-states are in fact constitutive of the general condition state. For example, a general condition state of "in ruins" may be decomposed into the individual stages of decay.
Examples:
* Ruination of theTower of Babylon (T3) consists of wind-erosion phase (T3)


P7 took place at (witnessed)

Domain:T4 Type of Period
Range:T53 Type of Place
Superproperty of:T9 Type of Move. P27 moved from (was origin of)
T9 Type of Move. P26 moved to (was destination of)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the spatial location of an instance of T4 Type of Period.

The related T53 Type of Place should be seen as an approximation of the geographical area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in question occurred. P7took place at (witnessed) does not convey any meaning other than spatial positioning (generally on the surface of the earth). For example, the period "Revolution francaise" can be said to have taken place in "France", the "Victorian" period, may be said to have taken place in "Britain" and its colonies, as well as other parts of Europe and north America.
A period can take place at multiple locations.
Examples:
* the period "Revolution francaise" (T4) took place at France (T53)


P8 took place on or within (witnessed)

Domain:T4 Type of Period
Range:T19 Type of Physical Object
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the location of an instance of T4 Type of Period with respect to an T19 Type of Physical Object.
P8 took place on or within (witnessed) is a short-cut of a path defining a T53 Type of Place with respect to the geometry of an object. cf. T46 Type of Section Definition.

This property is in effect a special case of P7 took place at. It describes a period that can be located with respect to the space defined by an T19 Type of Physical Object such as a ship or a building. The precise geographical location of the object during the period in question may be unknown or unimportant.
For example, the French and German armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed in the same railway carriage as the armistice of 11 November 1918.
Examples:
* the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (T7) took place on or within Westminster Abbey (T19)


P9 consists of (forms part of)

Domain:T4 Type of Period
Range:T4 Type of Period
Quantification:one to many, (0,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property describes the decomposition of an instance of T4 Type of Period into discrete, subsidiary periods.

The sub-periods into which the period is decomposed form a logical whole - although the entire picture may not be completely known - and the sub-periods are constitutive of the general period.
Examples:
* Cretan Bronze Age (T4) consists of Middle Minoan (T4)


P10 falls within (contains)

Domain:T4 Type of Period
Range:T4 Type of Period
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes an instance of T4 Type of Period, which falls within the T53 Type of Place and T52 Type of Time-Span of another.

The difference with P9 consists of (forms part of) is subtle. Unlike P9 consists of (forms part of), P10 falls within (contains) does not imply any logical connection between the two periods and it may refer to a period of a completely different type.
Examples:
* the Great Plague (T4) falls within The Gothic period (T4)


P11 had participant (participated in)

Domain:T5 Type of Event
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)
Superproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P14 carried out by (performed)
T67 Type of Birth. P96 by mother (gave birth)
T68 Type of Dissolution. P99 dissolved (was dissolved by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the active or passive participation of instances of T39 Type of Actors in an T5 Type of Event.

It connects the life-line of the related T39 Type of Actor with the T53 Type of Place and T50 Date of the event. The property implies that the Actor was involved in the event but does not imply any causal relationship. The subject of a portrait can be said to have participated in the creation of the portrait.
Examples:
* Napoleon (T21) participated in The Battle of Waterloo (T7)
Or
* Maria (T21) participated in Photographing of Maria (T7)


P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)

Domain:T5 Type of Event
Range:T77 Type of Persistent Item
Superproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P16 used specific object (was used for)
T9 Type of Move. P25 moved (moved by)
T11 Type of Modification Event. P33 used specific technique (was used by)
T11 Type of Modification Event. P31 has modified (was modified by)
T5 Type of Event. P11 had participant (participated in)
T63 Type of Beginning of Existence. P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by)
T64 Type of End of Existence. P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the active or passive presence of a persistent item in an T5 Type of Event without implying any specific role.

It connects the history of a thing with the T53 Type of Place and T50 Date of an event. For example, an object may be the desk, now in a museum on which a treaty was signed. The presence of an immaterial thing implies the presence of at least one of its carriers.
Examples:
* Deckchair 42 (T19) was present at The sinking of the Titanic (T5)


P13 destroyed (was destroyed by)

Domain:T6 Type of Destruction
Range:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Subproperty of:T64 Type of End of Existence. P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property allows specific instances of T18 Type of Physical Stuff that have been destroyed to be related to a destruction event.
Destruction implies the end of an item's life as a subject of cultural documentation - the physical matter of which the item was composed may in fact continue to exist. A destruction event may be contiguous with a production event that brings into existence a derived object composed partly of matter from the destroyed object.
Examples:
* the Tay Bridge Disaster (T6) destroyed The Tay Bridge (T22)


P14 carried out by (performed)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P11 had participant (participated in)
Superproperty of:T8 Type of Acquisition Event. P23 transferred title from (surrendered title through)
T8 Type of Acquisition Event. P22 transferred title to (acquired title through)
T10 Type of Transfer of Custody. P29 custody received by (received custody through)
T10 Type of Transfer of Custody. P28 custody surrendered by (surrendered custody through)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the active participation of an T39 Type of Actor in an T7 Type of Activity.

It implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property allows the nature of an Actor's participation to be specified.
Examples:
* the painting of the Sistine Chapel (T7) was carried out by Michaelangelo Buonaroti (T21) in the role of master craftsman (T55)


P14.1 in the role of

Domain:P14 carried out by (performed)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P15 was influenced by (influenced)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Superproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P16 used specific object (was used for)
T7 Type of Activity. P134 continued (was continued by)
T11 Type of Modification Event. P33 used specific technique (was used by)
T7 Type of Activity. P17 was motivated by (motivated)
T83 Type of Type Creation. P136 was based on (supported type creation)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This is a high level property, which captures the relationship between an T7 Type of Activity and anything that may have had some bearing upon it.

The property has more specific sub properties.
Examples:
* the designing of the Sydney Harbour Bridge (T7) was influenced by the Tyne bridge (T22)


P16 used specific object (was used for)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T70 Type of Stuff
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)
T7 Type of Activity. P15 was influenced by (influenced)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an T7 Type of Activity.

This property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer.
Examples:
* the writing of this scope note (T7) used specific object Nicholas Crofts' computer (T22) mode of use Typing Tool; Storage Medium (T55)


P16.1 mode of use

Domain:P16 used specific object (was used for)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P17 was motivated by (motivated)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Subproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P15 was influenced by (influenced)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes an item or items that are regarded as a reason for carrying out the T7 Type of Activity.

For example, the discovery of a large hoard of treasure may call for a celebration, an order from head quarters can start a military manoeuvre.
Examples:
* the resignation of the chief executive (T7) was motivated by the collapse of SwissAir (T68).
* the coronation of Elizabeth II (T7) was motivated by the death of George VI (T69)


P19 was intended use of (was made for)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T71 Type of Man-Made Stuff
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property relates an T7 Type of Activity with objects created specifically for use in the activity.

This is distinct from the intended use of an item in some general type of activity such as the book of common prayer which was intended for use in Church of England services (see P101 had as general use (was use of)).
Examples:
* Lady Diana Spencer's wedding dress (T71) was made for Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (T7) mode of use To Be Worn (T55)


P19.1 mode of use

Domain:P19 was intended use of (was made for)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T7 Type of Activity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the relationship between an T7 Type of Activity and an activity that it is intended as a preparation for.

This may involve activities in preparation for other activities, or orders and other organisational activities, which lead to some other specific activity.

P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) does not imply that an activity succeeded in achieving its aims. For example, dubious accounting practices may be carried out with the specific purpose of enhancing share values and enabling a take-over bid. The specific purpose remains the same even if the strategy fails and the company goes bankrupt instead.
Examples:
* Van Eyck's pigment grinding (T7) had specific purpose the painting of the Ghent alter piece (T12)


P21 had general purpose (was purpose of)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes an intentional relationship between an T7 Type of Activity and some general goal or purpose.

This may involve activities intended as preparation for some class of activity. For example, a musician practices an instrument in order to develop his or her musical ability, Van Eyck ground pigments and prepared oil paints in order to paint oil paintings. I travel to Oxford in order to work more effectively face-to-face rather than by email and telephone. P21had general purpose (was purpose of) differs from P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) in that no specific activity is implied as the purpose. T7 Type of Activity does not imply that an activity succeeds in achieving its general aims.
Examples:
* Van Eyck's pigment grinding (T7) had general purpose painting (T55)


P22 transferred title to (acquired title through)

Domain:T8 Type of Acquisition Event
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P14 carried out by (performed)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor that acquires the legal ownership of an object as a result of an T8 Type of Acquisition Event.

The property will typically describe an Actor purchasing or otherwise acquiring an object from another Actor. However, title may also be acquired, without any corresponding loss of title by another Actor, through legal fieldwork such as hunting, shooting or fishing.

In reality the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.
Examples:
* acquisition of the Amoudrouz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (T8) transferred title to Geneva Ethnography Museum (T74)


P23 transferred title from (surrendered title through)

Domain:T8 Type of Acquisition Event
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P14 carried out by (performed)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor or Actors who relinquish legal ownership as the result of an T8 Type of Acquisition Event.

The property will typically be used to describe a person donating or selling an object to a museum. In reality title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.
Examples:
* acquisition of the Amoudrouz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (T8) transferred title from Heirs of Amoudrouz (T74)


P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through)

Domain:T8 Type of Acquisition Event
Range:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T19 Type of Physical Object or objects involved in an T8 Type of Acquisition Event.

In reality, an acquisition must refer to at least one transferred item.
Examples:
* acquisition of the Amoudrouz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (T8) transferred title of Amoudrouz Collection (T78)


P25 moved (moved by)

Domain:T9 Type of Move
Range:T19 Type of Physical Object
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T19 Type of Physical Object that is moved during a move event.

The property implies the object's passive participation. For example, Monet's painting "Impression sunrise" was moved for the first Impressionist exhibition in 1870.
In reality, a move must concern at least one object.
Examples:
* "Impression sunrise" (T22) moved by preparations for the First Impressionist Exhibition (T9)


P26 moved to (was destination of)

Domain:T9 Type of Move
Range:T53 Type of Place
Subproperty of:T4 Type of Period. P7 took place at (witnessed)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the destination of a T9 Type of Move.

A move will be linked to a destination, such as the move of an artefact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many terminal instances of T53 Type of Places. In this case the move describes a distribution of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin, route and destination.
Examples:
* the movement of the Tutenkhamun Exhibition (T9) moved to The British Museum (T53)


P27 moved from (was origin of)

Domain:T9 Type of Move
Range:T53 Type of Place
Subproperty of:T4 Type of Period. P7 took place at (witnessed)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the starting T53 Type of Place of an T9 Type of Move.

A move will be linked to an origin, such as the move of an artefact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many origins. In this case the move describes the picking up of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin, route and destination.
Examples:
* the movement of the Tutenkhamun Exhibition (T9) moved from The Cairo Museum (T53)


P28 custody surrendered by (surrendered custody through)

Domain:T10 Type of Transfer of Custody
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P14 carried out by (performed)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor or Actors who surrender custody of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff in an T10 Type of Transfer of Custody activity.

The property will typically describe an Actor surrendering custody of an object when it is handed over to someone else's care. On occasion, physical custody may be surrendered involuntarily - through accident, loss or theft.
In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.
Examples:
* the Secure Deliveries Inc. crew (T40) surrendered custody through The delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (T10).


P29 custody received by (received custody through)

Domain:T10 Type of Transfer of Custody
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P14 carried out by (performed)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor or Actors who receive custody of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff in an T10 Type of Transfer of Custody activity.

The property will typically describe Actors receiving custody of an object when it is handed over from another Actor's care. On occasion, physical custody may be received involuntarily or illegally - through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.
In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.
Examples:
* representatives of The National Gallery (T40) received custody through. The delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (T10)


P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through)

Domain:T10 Type of Transfer of Custody
Range:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies an item or items of T18 Type of Physical Stuff concerned in an T10 Type of Transfer of Custody activity.

The property will typically describe the object that is handed over by an T39 Type of Actor to another Actor's custody. On occasion, physical custody may be transferred involuntarily or illegally - through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.
Examples:
* the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (T10) transferred custody of paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (T19)


P31 has modified (was modified by)

Domain:T11 Type of Modification Event
Range:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)
Superproperty of:T12 Type of Production Event. P108 has produced (was produced by)
T79 Type of Part Addition. P110 augmented (was augmented by)
T80 Type of Part Removal. P112 diminished (was diminished by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff modified in an T11 Type of Modification Event.

If a modification is applied to a non-man-made object, it is regarded as an T22 Man-Made Object from that time onwards.
Examples:
* rebuilding of the Reichstag (T11) has modified the Reichstag in Berlin (T24)


P32 used general technique (was technique of)

Domain:T11 Type of Modification Event
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the technique that was employed in an act of modification.

These techniques should be drawn from an external T55 Type hierarchy of consistent terminology of general techniques such as embroidery, oil-painting, etc. Specific techniques may be further described as instances of T29 Type of Design or Procedure.
Examples:
* ornamentation of silver cup 113 (T11) used general technique gold-plating (T55) (Design or Procedure Type)


P33 used specific technique (was used by)

Domain:T11 Type of Modification Event
Range:T29 Type of Design or Procedure
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)
T7 Type of Activity. P15 was influenced by (influenced)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies a specific T29 Type of Design or Procedure used in an T11 Type of Modification Event.

Modification may be carried out in order to ensure the preservation of an object and not just as part of the creative process.
The property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that the T29 Type of Design or Procedure referred to is specific and documented rather than simply being a term in the T55 Type hierarchy. Typical examples would include intervention plans for conservation.
Examples:
* Ornamentation of silver cup 232 (T11) used specific technique 'Instructions for golden chase work by A N Other' (T29)
* Rebuilding of Reichstag (T11) used specific technique Architectural plans by Foster and Partners (T29)


P34 concerned (was assessed by)

Domain:T14 Type of Condition Assessment
Range:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T18 Type of Physical Stuff that was assessed during an T14 Type of Condition Assessment activity.
Conditions may be assessed either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the T18 Type of Physical Stuff does need to be present or extant.
Examples:
* 1997 condition assessment of the silver collection (T14) concerned silver cup 232 (T22)


P35 has identified (identified by)

Domain:T14 Type of Condition Assessment
Range:T3 Type of Condition State
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P141 assigned (was assigned by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T3 Type of Condition State that was observed in an T14 Type of Condition Assessment activity.
Examples:
* 1997 condition assessment of silver cup 232 (T14) has identified oxidation traces were present in 1997 (T3) has type oxidation traces (T55)


P36 registered (was registered by)

Domain:T15 Type of Identifier Assignment
Range:T19 Type of Physical Object
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by)
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property indicates the physical object to which an identifier is assigned.
P47 is identified by (identifies) - a property of an T19 Type of Physical Object - is a short cut of the fully developed path from T19 Type of Physical Object through P36, T15 Type of Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned (was assigned by) to T42 Type of Object Identifier
Examples:
* 01 June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (T15) registered silver cup 232 (T19)


P37 assigned (was assigned by)

Domain:T15 Type of Identifier Assignment
Range:T42 Type of Object Identifier
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P141 assigned (was assigned by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the identifier that was assigned to an object in an Identifier Assignment activity.
P47 is identified by (identifies) - a property of an T19 Type of Physical Object - is a short cut of the fully developed path from T19 Type of Physical Object through P36, T15 Type of Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned (was assigned by) to T42 Type of Object Identifier.
The same identifier may be assigned on more than one occasion.
An Object Identifier might be created prior to an assignment.
Examples:
* 01 June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (T15) assigned 232 (T42)


P38 deassigned (was deassigned by)

Domain:T15 Type of Identifier Assignment
Range:T42 Type of Object Identifier
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P141 assigned (was assigned by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the identifier that was deassigned from an object.
Deassignment of an identifier may be necessary when an object is taken out of an inventory, a new numbering system is introduced or objects are merged or split up.
The same identifier may be deassigned on more than one occasion.
Examples:
* 31 July 2001 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup OXCMS:2001.1.32 (T15) deassigned 232 (T42)


P39 measured (was measured by)

Domain:T16 Type of Measurement Event
Range:T70 Type of Stuff
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by)
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the Stuff that was the subject of an act of Measurement.
Stuff may be measured more than once. Both material and immaterial Stuff may be measured: for example the number of words in a text.
Examples:
* 31 August 1997 measurement of height of silver cup 232 (T16) measured silver cup 232 (T22)


P40 observed dimension (was observed in)

Domain:T16 Type of Measurement Event
Range:T54 Type of Dimension
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P141 assigned (was assigned by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the dimension that was observed in a Measurement activity.
Dimension can be any quantifiable aspect of Stuff. Weight, image colour depth and monetary value are dimensions in this sense. One Measurement activity may determine more than one Dimension of one object.
Dimensions may be determined either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the Physical Stuff does need to be present or extant.
Even though knowledge of the value of a dimension requires measurement, the dimension may be an object of discourse prior to, or even without any measurement being made.
Examples:
* 31 August 1997 measurement of height of silver cup 232 (T16) observed dimension silver cup 232 height (T54) has unit mm (T58), has value 224 (T60)


P41 classified (was classified by)

Domain:T17 Type of Type Assignment
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by)
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the item to which a type was assigned in an T17 Type of Type Assignment activity.
Any instance of a CRM entity may be assigned a type through type assignment. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from T1 Type of CRM Entity through P41 classified (was classified), T17 Type of Type Assignment, P42 assigned (was assigned by) to T55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).
Examples:
* 31 August 1997 classification of silver cup 232 (T17) classified silver cup 232 (T22)


P42 assigned (was assigned by)

Domain:T17 Type of Type Assignment
Range:T55 Type
Subproperty of:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment. P141 assigned (was assigned by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the type that was assigned to an entity by an T17 Type of Type Assignment activity.
Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from T1 Type of CRM Entity through P41 classified (was classified by), T17 Type of Type Assignment, P42 assigned (was assigned by) to T55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).
For example, a fragment of an antique vessel could be assigned the type "attic red figured belly handled amphora" by expert A. The same fragment could be assigned the type "shoulder handled amphora" by expert B.
A Type may be intellectually constructed independent from assigning an instance of it.
Examples:
* 31 August 1997 classification of silver cup 232 (T17) assigned goblet (T55)


P43 has dimension (is dimension of)

Domain:T70 Type of Stuff
Range:T54 Type of Dimension
Quantification:one to many, dependent (0,n:1.1)

Scope Note:This property records a T54 Type of Dimension of some T70 Type of Stuff.
It is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from T70 Type of Stuff through P39 measured (was measured by), T16 Type of Measurement Event P40 observed dimension (was observed in) to T54 Type of Dimension. It offers no information about how and when an T54 Type of Dimension was established, nor by whom.

An instance of T54 Type of Dimension is specific to an instance of T70 Type of Stuff.
Examples:
* silver cup 232 (T22) has dimension height of silver cup 232 (T54) has unit mm (T58), has value 224 (T60)


P44 has condition (condition of)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T3 Type of Condition State
Quantification:one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property records an T3 Type of Condition State for some T18 Type of Physical Stuff.

It is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from T18 Type of Physical Stuff through P34 concerned (was assessed by), T14 Type of Condition Assessment P35 has identified (identified by) to T3 Type of Condition State. It offers no information about how and when the T3 Type of Condition State was established, nor by whom.

An instance of Condition State is specific to an instance of Physical Stuff.
Examples:
* silver cup 232 (T22) has condition oxidation traces were present in 1997 (T3) has type oxidation traces (T55)


P45 consists of (is incorporated in)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T57 Type of Material
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the instances of T57 Type of Materials of which an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff is composed.

All physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different Materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed Material as opposed to the consumed raw material.

A Material, such as a theoretical alloy, may not have any physical instances.
Examples:
* silver cup 232 (T22) consists of silver (T57)


P46 is composed of (forms part of)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows instances of T18 Type of Physical Stuff to be analysed into component elements.

Component elements, since they are themselves instances of T18 Type of Physical Stuff, may be further analysed into sub-components, thereby creating a hierarchy of part decomposition. An instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff may be shared between multiple wholes, for example two buildings may share a common wall.

This property is intended to describe specific components that are individually documented, rather than general aspects. Overall descriptions of the structure of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff are captured by the P3 has note property.

The instances of T57 Type of Materials of which an item of T18 Type of Physical Stuff is composed should be documented using P45 consists of (is incorporated in).
Examples:
* the Royal carriage (T22) forms part of the Royal train (T22)
* the "Hog's Back" (T24) forms part of the "Fosseway" (T24


P47 is identified by (identifies)

Domain:T19 Type of Physical Object
Range:T42 Type of Object Identifier
Subproperty of:T1 Type of CRM Entity. P1 is identified by (identifies)
Superproperty of:T19 Type of Physical Object. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the T42 Type of Object Identifier used for a particular instance of T19 Type of Physical Object.

It is intended primarily for museum identification numbers, such as object numbers, inventory numbers, registration numbers or accession* numbers. * (Note that the identification of the T8 Type of Acquisition Event is sometimes mistaken for the identification of the acquired objects themselves).

P47 is identified by (identifies) is a sub-property of P1 is identified by (identifies). The range of P47 is identified by (identifies) is restricted to T42 Type of Object Identifier.
The property is a shortcut that associates an T42 Type of Object Identifier directly with an object. It says nothing about when and where an T42 Type of Object Identifier was assigned, nor by whom.

A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from T19 Type of Physical Object through P36 registered (was registered by), T15 Type of Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned (was assigned by) to T42 Type of Object Identifier.
Examples:
* the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (T22) is identified by object number OXCMS:2001.1.32 (T42)


P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of)

Domain:T19 Type of Physical Object
Range:T42 Type of Object Identifier
Subproperty of:T19 Type of Physical Object. P47 is identified by (identifies)
Quantification:many to one (0,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the preferred T42 Type of Object Identifier that was used to identify the T19 Type of Physical Object at the time this property was instantiated.

More than one preferred identifier may have been assigned to an object during its history.
Use of this property requires an external mechanism for assigning temporal validity to the respective CRM instance.

P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of), like P47 is identified by (identifies) is a shortcut for the path from T19 Type of Physical Object through P36 registered (was registered by), T15 Type of Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned (was assigned by) to T42 Type of Object Identifier.
Examples:
* the pair of Lederhosen donated by Dr Martin Doerr (T22) has preferred identifier OXCMS:2001.1.32 (T42)


P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Superproperty of:T18 Type of Physical Stuff. P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor or Actors who have or have had custody of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff at some time.

The distinction with P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is that P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) leaves open the question as to whether the specified keepers are current.

P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from T18 Type of Physical Stuff through P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through), T10 Type of Transfer of Custody, P28 custody surrendered by (surrendered custody through) or P29 custody received by (received custody through) to T39 Type of Actor.
Examples:
* paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (T18) has former or current keeper Secure Deliveries Inc. (T40)


P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T18 Type of Physical Stuff. P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor or Actors who had custody of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff at the time this property was instantiated.

P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from T18 Type of Physical Stuff through P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through), T10 Type of Transfer of Custody, P29 custody received by (received custody through) to T39 Type of Actor.
Examples:
* paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (T18) has current keeper The National Gallery (T40)


P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Superproperty of:T18 Type of Physical Stuff. P52 has current owner (is current owner of)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor that is or has been the legal owner (i.e. title holder) of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff at some time.

The distinction with P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is that P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) does not indicate whether the specified owners are current. P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from T18 Type of Physical Stuff through P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through), T8 Type of Acquisition Event, P23 transferred title from (surrendered title through), or P22 transferred title to (acquired title through) to T39 Type of Actor.
Examples:
* paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (T18) has former or current owner Lord Iveagh (T21)


P52 has current owner (is current owner of)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Subproperty of:T18 Type of Physical Stuff. P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T21 Type of Person, T74 Type of Group or T40 Legal Body that was the owner of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff at the time this property was instantiated.

P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from T18 Type of Physical Stuff through P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through), T8 Type of Acquisition Event, P22 transferred title to (acquired title through) to T39 Type of Actor, if and only if this acquisition event is the most recent.
Examples:
* paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (T18) has current owner "English Heritage" (T40)


P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T53 Type of Place
Superproperty of:T19 Type of Physical Object. P55 has current location (currently holds)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows an instance of T53 Type of Place to be associated as the former or current location of an instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff.

In the case of T19 Type of Physical Objects, the property does not allow any indication of the Time-Span during which the Physical Object was located at this Place, nor if this is the current location.

In the case of immobile objects, the Place would normally correspond to the Place of creation.
P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from T19 Type of Physical Object through P25 moved (moved by), T9 Type of Move, P26 moved to (was destination of) or P27 moved from (was origin of) to T53 Type of Place.
Examples:
* silver cup 232 (T22) has former or current location Display Case 4, Room 23, Museum of Oxford (T53)


P54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of)

Domain:T19 Type of Physical Object
Range:T53 Type of Place
Quantification:many to one (0,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the foreseen permanent location of an instance of T19 Type of Physical Object at the time this property was instantiated.

P54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of) is similar to P55 has current location (currently holds). However, it indicates the T53 Type of Place currently reserved for an object, such as the permanent storage location or a permanent exhibit location. The object may be temporarily removed from the permanent location, for example when used in temporary exhibitions or loaned to another institution. The object may never actually be located at its permanent location.
Examples:
* silver cup 232 (T22) has current permanent location Shelf 3.1, Store 2, Museum of Oxford (T53)


P55 has current location (currently holds)

Domain:T19 Type of Physical Object
Range:T53 Type of Place
Subproperty of:T18 Type of Physical Stuff. P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of)
Quantification:many to one (0,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property records the location of an T19 Type of Physical Object at the time the property was instantiated.

This property is a specialisation of P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of). It indicates that the T53 Type of Place associated with the T19 Type of Physical Object is the current location of the object. The property does not allow any indication of how long the Object has been at the current location.
P55 has current location (currently holds) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from T19 Type of Physical Object through P25 moved (moved by), T9 Type of Move P26 moved to (was destination of) to T53 Type of Place if and only if this Move is the most recent.
Examples:
* silver cup 232 (T22) has current location Display cabinet 23, Room 4, British Museum (T53)


P56 bears feature (is found on)

Domain:T19 Type of Physical Object
Range:T26 Type of Physical Feature
Quantification:one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property describes a T26 Type of Physical Feature found on a T19 Type of Physical Object It does not specify the location of the feature on the object.

P56 bears feature (is found on) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from T19 Type of Physical Object through P59 has section (is located on or within), T53 Type of Place, P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) to T26 Type of Physical Feature.
A Physical Feature can only exist on one object. One object may bear more than one Physical Feature. An T27 Site should be considered as an T26 Type of Physical Feature on the surface of the Earth.
Examples:
* silver cup 232 (T22) bears feature 32 mm scratch on silver cup 232 (T26)


P57 has number of parts

Domain:T19 Type of Physical Object
Range:T60 Type of Number
Quantification:many to one (0,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property documents the T60 Type of Number of parts of which an instance of T19 Type of Physical Object is composed.

This may be used as a method of checking inventory counts with regard to aggregate or collective objects. What constitutes a part or component depends on the context and requirements of the documentation. Normally, the parts documented in this way would not be considered as worthy of individual attention.

For a more complete description, objects may be decomposed into their components and constituents using P46 is composed of (forms parts of) and P45 consists of (is incorporated in). This allows each element to be described individually.
Examples:
* chess set 233 (T22) has number of parts 33 (T60)


P58 has section definition (defines section)

Domain:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Range:T46 Type of Section Definition
Quantification:one to many, dependent, (0,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property links an area (section) named by a T46 Type of Section Definition to the instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff upon which it is found.

The CRM handles sections as locations (instances of T53 Type of Place) within or on T18 Type of Physical Stuff that are identified by T46 Type of Section Definitions. Sections need not be discrete and separable components or parts of an object.

This is part of a more developed path from T18 Type of Physical Stuff through P58, T46 Type of Section Definition, P87 is identified by (identifies) that allows a more precise definition of a location found on an object than the shortcut P59 has section (is located on or within).
A particular instance of a Section Definition only applies to one instance of Physical Stuff.
Examples:
* HMS Victory (T22) has section definition poop deck of HMS Victory (T46)


P59 has section (is located on or within)

Domain:T19 Type of Physical Object
Range:T53 Type of Place
Quantification:one to many (0,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property links an area to the instance of T18 Type of Physical Stuff upon which it is found.

It is typically used when a named T46 Type of Section Definition is not appropriate.
T18 Type of Physical Stuff may be subdivided into arbitrary regions.

P59 has section (is located on or within) is a shortcut. If the T53 Type of Place is identified by a Section Definition, a more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from T18 Type of Physical Stuff through P58 has section definition (defines section), T46 Type of Section Definition, P87 is identified by (identifies) to T53 Type of Place. A Place can only be located on or within one Physical Object.
Examples:
* HMS Victory (T22) has section HMS Victory section B347.6 (T53)


P62 depicts (is depicted by)

Domain:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies something that is depicted by an instance of T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff.

This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), T36 Type of Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to T1CRM Entity. P62.1 mode of depiction allows the nature of the depiction to be refined.
Examples:
* "Impression Sunrise" by Monet (T84) depicts sun rising over Le Havre (T5) mode of depiction Impressionistic (T55)
* a 20 pence coin (T24) depicts Queen Elizabeth II (T21) mode of depiction Profile (T55)


P62.1 mode of depiction

Domain:P62 depicts (is depicted by)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P65 shows visual item (is shown by)

Domain:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff
Range:T36 Type of Visual Item
Subproperty of:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff. P128 carries (is carried by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property documents an T36 Type of Visual Item shown by an instance of T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff.

This property is similar to P62 depicts (is depicted by) in that it associates an item of T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff with a visual representation. However, P65 shows visual item (is shown by) differs from the P62 depicts (is depicted by) property in that it makes no claims about what the T36 Type of Visual Item is deemed to represent. T36 Type of Visual Item identifies a recognisable image or visual symbol, regardless of what this image may or may not represent.

For example, all recent British coins bear a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, a fact that is correctly documented using P62 depicts (is depicted by). Different portraits have been used at different periods, however. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) can be used to refer to a particular portrait.
P65 shows visual item (is shown by) may also be used for Visual Items such as signs, marks and symbols, for example the 'Maltese Cross' or the 'copyright symbol' that have no particular representational content.

This property is part of the fully developed path from T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), T36 Type of Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to T1 Type of CRM Entity which is shortcut by, P62 depicts (is depicted by).
Examples:
* "Impression Sunrise" by Monet (T84) shows visual item Impression_Sunrise.jpg (T39)


P67 refers to (is referred to by)

Domain:T73 Type of Information Object
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Superproperty of:T36 Type of Visual Item. P138 represents (has representation)
T31 Type of Document. P70 documents (is documented in)
T32 Type of Authority Document. P71 lists (is listed in)
T73 Type of Information Object. P129 is about (is subject of)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:An T73 Type of Information Object may refer to any other T1 Type of CRM Entity.

This property documents that an T73 Type of Information Object makes a statement about an instance of an T1 Type of CRM Entity. P67refers to (is referred to by) has the P67.1 has type link to an instance of T55 Type. This is intended to allow a more detailed description of the type of reference. This differs from P129 is about (is subject of), which describes the primary subject or subjects of the T73 Type of Information Object.
Examples:
* the eBay auction listing for 4 July 2002 (T73) refers to silver cup 232 (T22) has type auction listing (T55)


P67.1 has type

Domain:P67 refers to (is referred to by)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P68 usually employs (is usually employed by)

Domain:T29 Type of Design or Procedure
Range:T57 Type of Material
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes an T57 Type of Material usually employed in an T29 Type of Design or Procedure.

Designs and procedures commonly employ particular Materials. The fabrication of adobe bricks, for example, requires straw, clay and water. This property enables this to be documented.

This property is not intended for the documentation of Materials that were required on a particular occasion when a Design or Procedure was executed.
Examples:
* procedure for soda glass manufacture (T29) usually employs soda (T57)


P69 is associated with

Domain:T29 Type of Design or Procedure
Range:T29 Type of Design or Procedure
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This symmetric property describes the association of an T29 Type of Design or Procedure with other Designs or Procedures.

Any instance of T29 Type of Design or Procedure may be associated with other designs or procedures. The nature of the association may be whole-part, sequence, prerequisite etc. The property is assumed to be entirely reciprocal.
Examples:
* procedure for glass blowing (T29) is associated with procedure for glass heating (T29)


P70 documents (is documented in)

Domain:T31 Type of Document
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Subproperty of:T73 Type of Information Object. P67 refers to (is referred to by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the CRM Entities documented by instances of T31 Type of Document.

Documents may describe any conceivable entity, hence the link to the highest-level entity in the CRM hierarchy. This property is intended for cases where a reference is regarded as being of a documentary character, in the scholarly or scientific sense.
Examples:
* the British Museum catalogue (T31) documents the British Museum's Collection (T78)


P71 lists (is listed in)

Domain:T32 Type of Authority Document
Range:T55 Type
Subproperty of:T73 Type of Information Object. P67 refers to (is referred to by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property documents a source T32 Type of Authority Document for an instance of an T55 Type.
Examples:
* the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (T32) lists alcazars (T55)


P72 has language (is language of)

Domain:T33 Type of Linguistic Object
Range:T56 Type of Language
Quantification:many to many, necessary (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the T56 Type of Language of an T33 Type of Linguistic Object.

Linguistic Objects are composed in one or more human Languages. This property allows these languages to be documented.
Examples:
* the American Declaration of Independence (T33) has language 18th Century English (T56)


P73 has translation (is translation of)

Domain:T33 Type of Linguistic Object
Range:T33 Type of Linguistic Object
Subproperty of:T70 Type of Stuff. P130 shows features of (features are also found on)
Quantification:one to many (0,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property describes the source and target of instances of T33Linguistic Object involved in a translation.

When a Linguistic Object is translated into a new language it becomes a new Linguistic Object, despite being conceptually similar to the source object.
Examples:
* "Les Baigneurs" (T33) has translation "The Bathers" (T33)


P74 has current or former residence (is current or former residence of)

Domain:T39 Type of Actor
Range:T53 Type of Place
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the current or former T53 Type of Place of residence of an T39 Type of Actor.

The residence may be either the Place where the Actor resides, or a legally registered address of any kind.
Examples:
* Queen Elizabeth II (T39) has current or former residence Buckingham Palace (T53)


P75 possesses (is possessed by)

Domain:T39 Type of Actor
Range:T30 Type of Right
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies former or current instances of T30 Type of Rights held by an T39 Type of Actor.
Examples:
* Michael Jackson (T21) possesses Intellectual property rights on the Beatles' back catalogue (T30)


P76 has contact point (provides access to)

Domain:T39 Type of Actor
Range:T51 Type of Contact Point
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies an T51 Type of Contact Point of any type that provides access to an T39 Type of Actor by any communication method, such as e-mail or fax.

Examples:
* RLG (T40) has contact point bl.ric@rlg.org (T51)


P78 is identified by (identifies)

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T49 Type of Time Appellation
Subproperty of:T1 Type of CRM Entity. P1 is identified by (identifies)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies an T52 Type of Time-Span using an T49Time Appellation.
Examples:
* the time span 1926 to 1988 (T52) is identified by Showa (Japanese time appellation) (T49)


P79 beginning is qualified by

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T62 Type of String
Subproperty of:T1 Type of CRM Entity. P3 has note
Quantification:many to one (0,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property qualifies the beginning of an T52 Type of Time-Span in some way.

The nature of the qualification may be certainty, precision, source etc.
Examples:
* the time-span of the Holocene (T52) beginning is qualified by approximately (T62)


P80 end is qualified by

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T62 Type of String
Subproperty of:T1 Type of CRM Entity. P3 has note
Quantification:many to one (0,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property qualifies the end of an T52 Type of Time-Span in some way.

The nature of the qualification may be certainty, precision, source etc.
Examples:
* the time-span of the Holocene (T52) end is qualified by approximately (T62)


P81 ongoing throughout

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T61 Type of Time Primitive
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the minimum period of time covered by an T52 Type of Time-Span.

Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span's minimum temporal extent (i.e. it's inner boundary) to be assigned an T61 Type of Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed.

Examples:
* the time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (T52) ongoing throughout 1996-2002 (T61)


P82 at some time within

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T61 Type of Time Primitive
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the maximum period of time within which an T52 Type of Time-Span falls.

Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span's maximum temporal extent (i.e. it's outer boundary) to be assigned an T61 Type of Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed.
Examples:
* the time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (T52) at some time within 1992-infinity (T61)


P83 had at least duration (was minimum duration of)

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T54 Type of Dimension
Quantification:one to one (1,1:1,1)

Scope Note:This property describes the minimum length of time covered by an T52 Type of Time-Span.

It allows an T52 Type of Time-Span to be associated with an T54 Type of Dimension representing it's minimum duration (i.e. it's inner boundary) independent from the actual beginning and end.
Examples:
* the time span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (T52) had at least duration Battle of Issos minimum duration (T54) has unit day (T58) has value 1 (T60)


P84 had at most duration (was maximum duration of)

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T54 Type of Dimension
Quantification:one to one (1,1:1,1)

Scope Note:This property describes the maximum length of time covered by an T52 Type of Time-Span.

It allows an T52 Type of Time-Span to be associated with an T54 Type of Dimension representing it's maximum duration (i.e. it's outer boundary) independent from the actual beginning and end.
Examples:
* the time span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (T52) had at most duration Battle of Issos maximum duration (T54) has unit day (T58) has value 2 (T60)


P86 falls within (contains)

Domain:T52 Type of Time-Span
Range:T52 Type of Time-Span
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the inclusion relationship between two instances of T52 Type of Time-Span.

This property supports the notion that a Time-Span's temporal extent falls within the temporal extent of another Time-Span. It addresses temporal containment only, and no contextual link between the two instances of Time-Span is implied.
Examples:
* the time-span of the Apollo 11 moon mission (T52) falls within the time-span of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (T52)


P87 is identified by (identifies)

Domain:T53 Type of Place
Range:T44 Type of Place Appellation
Subproperty of:T1 Type of CRM Entity. P1 is identified by (identifies)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies an T53 Type of Place using an T44 Type of Place Appellation.
Examples:
* the location of the Duke of Wellington's House (T53) is identified by No 1 London (T45)


P88 consists of (forms part of)

Domain:T53 Type of Place
Range:T53 Type of Place
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies an T53 Type of Place that forms part of another Place.

It supports the notion that a Place can be subdivided into one or more constituent parts. It implies both spatial and contextual containment relationships between the two Places.
Examples:
* the area covered by the London Borough of Islington in 1976 (T53) forms part of the area covered by Greater London in 1976 (T53)


P89 falls within (contains)

Domain:T53 Type of Place
Range:T53 Type of Place
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the instances of T53 Type of Places that fall within the area covered by another Place.

It addresses spatial containment only, and no 'whole-part' relationship between the two places is implied.
Examples:
* the area covered by the World Heritage Site of Stonehenge (T53) falls within the area of Salisbury Plain (T53)


P90 has value

Domain:T54 Type of Dimension
Range:T60 Type of Number
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows an T54 Type of Dimension to be approximated by an T60 Type of Number primitive.
Examples:
* height of silver cup 232 (T54) has value 226 (T60)


P91 has unit (is unit of)

Domain:T54 Type of Dimension
Range:T58 Type of Measurement Unit
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)

Scope Note:This property shows the type of unit an T54 Type of Dimension was expressed in.
Examples:
* height of silver cup 232 (T54) has unit mm (T58)


P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by)

Domain:T63 Type of Beginning of Existence
Range:T77 Type of Persistent Item
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)
Superproperty of:T65 Type of Creation Event. P94 has created (was created by)
T12 Type of Production Event. P108 has produced (was produced by)
T66 Type of Formation Event. P95 has formed (was formed by)
T67 Type of Birth. P98 brought into life (was born)
T81 Type of Transformation. P123 resulted in (resulted from)
Quantification:one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property allows an T63 Type of Beginning of Existence event to be linked to the T77 Type of Persistent Item brought into existence by it.

It allows a "start" to be attached to any Persistent Item being documented i.e. T70 Type of Stuff, T72 Type of Legal Object, T39 Type of Actor, T41 Type of Appellation, T51 Type of Contact Point and T55 Type.
Examples:
* the birth of Mozart (T67) brought into existence Mozart (T21)


P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by)

Domain:T64 Type of End of Existence
Range:T77 Type of Persistent Item
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)
Superproperty of:T6 Type of Destruction. P13 destroyed (was destroyed by)
T68 Type of Dissolution. P99 dissolved (was dissolved by)
T69 Type of Death. P100 was death of (died in)
T81 Type of Transformation. P124 transformed (was transformed by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property allows an T64 Type of End of Existence event to be linked to the T77 Type of Persistent Item taken out of existence by it.
In the case of immaterial things, the T64 Type of End of Existence is considered to take place with the destruction of the last physical carrier.
This allows an "end" to be attached to any Persistent Item being documented i.e. T70 Type of Stuff, T72 Type of Legal Object, T39 Type of Actor, T41 Type of Appellation, T51 Type of Contact Point and T55 Type. For many Persistent Items we know the maximum life-span and can infer, that they must have ended to exist. We assume in that case an End of Existence, which may be as unnoticeable as forgetting the secret knowledge by the last representative of some indigenous nation.
Examples:
* the death of Mozart (T69) took out of existence Mozart (T21)


P94 has created (was created by)

Domain:T65 Type of Creation Event
Range:T28 Type of Conceptual Object
Subproperty of:T63 Type of Beginning of Existence. P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by)
Superproperty of:T83 Type of Type Creation. P135 created type (was created by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property allows a conceptual T65 Type of Creation Event to be linked to the T28 Type of Conceptual Object created by it.

It represents the act of conceiving the intellectual content of the T28 Type of Conceptual Object. It does not represent the act of creating the first physical carrier of the T28 Type of Conceptual Object. As an example, this is the composition of a poem, not its commitment to paper.
Examples:
* the composition of "The Four Friends" by A. A. Milne (T65) has created "The Four Friends" by A. A. Milne (T28)


P95 has formed (was formed by)

Domain:T66 Type of Formation Event
Range:T74 Type of Group
Subproperty of:T63 Type of Beginning of Existence. P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property links the founding or T66 Type of Formation Event for an T74 Type of Group with the Group itself.
Examples:
* the formation of the CIDOC CRM SIG at the August 2000 CIDOC Board meeting (T66) has formed the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group (T74)


P96 by mother (gave birth)

Domain:T67 Type of Birth
Range:T21 Type of Person
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P11 had participant (participated in)
Quantification:many to one, necessary (1,1:0,1)

Scope Note:This property links an T67 Type of Birth event to an T21 Type of Person as a participant in the role of birth-giving mother.

Note that biological fathers are not necessarily participants in the Birth (see P97 from father (was father for)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. This is a sub-property of P11 had participant (participated in).
Examples:
* the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (T67) by mother Queen Mother (T21)


P97 from father (was father for)

Domain:T67 Type of Birth
Range:T21 Type of Person
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property links an T67 Type of Birth event to an T21 Type of Person in the role of biological father.

Note that biological fathers are not seen as necessary participants in the Birth, whereas birth-giving mothers are (see P96 by mother (gave birth)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born).

This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.
A Birth event is normally (but not always) associated with one biological father.

Examples:
* King George VI (T21) was father for the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (T67)


P98 brought into life (was born)

Domain:T67 Type of Birth
Range:T21 Type of Person
Subproperty of:T63 Type of Beginning of Existence. P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by)
Quantification:one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property links an T67Birth event to an T21 Type of Person in the role of offspring.

Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same Birth event. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.
Examples:
* the Birth of Queen Elizabeth II (T67) brought into life Queen Elizabeth II (T21)


P99 dissolved (was dissolved by)

Domain:T68 Type of Dissolution
Range:T74 Type of Group
Subproperty of:T5 Type of Event. P11 had participant (participated in)
T64 Type of End of Existence. P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property links the disbanding or T68 Type of Dissolution of an T74 Type of Group to the Group itself.
Examples:
* the end of The Hole in the Wall Gang (T68) dissolved The Hole in the Wall Gang (T74)


P100 was death of (died in)

Domain:T69 Type of Death
Range:T21 Type of Person
Subproperty of:T64 Type of End of Existence. P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property links an T69 Type of Death event to the T21 Type of Person that died.

A Death event may involve multiple people, for example in the case of a battle or disaster.
This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people.
Examples:
* Mozart's death (T69) was death of Mozart (T21)


P101 had as general use (was use of)

Domain:T70 Type of Stuff
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property links an instance of T70 Type of Stuff to an T55 Type of usage.

It allows the generic link between things, both physical and immaterial, to methods and techniques of use. Thus it can be asserted that a baseball bat had a general use for sport and a specific use for threatening people during the Great Train Robbery.
Examples:
* Tony Gill's Ford Mustang (T22) had as general use transportation (T55)


P102 has title (is title of)

Domain:T71 Type of Man-Made Stuff
Range:T35 Type of Title
Subproperty of:T1 Type of CRM Entity. P1 is identified by (identifies)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property describes the T35 Type of Title applied to an instance of T71 Type of Man-Made Stuff. The T55 Type of Title is assigned in a sub property.

The P102.1 has type property of the P02 has title (is title of) property enables the relationship between the Title and the stuff to be further clarified, for example, if the Title was a given Title, a supplied Title etc.
It allows any man-made material or immaterial thing to be given a Title. It is possible to imagine a Title being created without a specific object in mind.
Examples:
* the first book of the Old Testament (T33) has title "Genesis" (T35)
has type translated (T55)


P102.1 has type

Domain:P102 has title (is title of)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P103 was intended for (was intention of)

Domain:T71 Type of Man-Made Stuff
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property links an instance of T71 Type of Man-Made Stuff to an T55 Type of usage.

It creates a property between specific man-made things, both physical and immaterial, to Types of intended methods and techniques of use. Note: A link between specific man-made things and a specific use activity should be expressed using P19 was intended use of (was made for).
Examples:
* this plate (T22) was intended for being destroyed at a wedding reception (T55)


P104 is subject to (applies to)

Domain:T72 Type of Legal Object
Range:T30 Type of Right
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property links a particular T72 Type of Legal Object to the instances of T30 Type of Right to which it is subject.

The Right is held by an T39 Type of Actor as described by P75 possesses (is possessed by).
Examples:
* Beatles back catalogue (T72) is subject to reproduction right on Beatles back catalogue (T30)


P105 right held by (has right on)

Domain:T72 Type of Legal Object
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor who holds the instances of T30 Type of Right to an T72 Type of Legal Object.

P105 right held by (has right on) is a shortcut of the fully developed path from T72 Type of Legal Object through P104 is subject to 9applies to), T30 Type of Right, P75 possesses (is possessed by) to T39 Type of Actor.
The P105.1 has type property of the P105 right held by (has right on) property enables the relationship between the T72 Type of Legal Object and the T39 Type of Actor to be further clarified.
Examples:
* Beatles back catalogue (T73) right held by Michael Jackson (T21)


P105.1 has type

Domain:P105 right held by (has right on)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P106 is composed of (forms part of)

Domain:T73 Type of Information Object
Range:T73 Type of Information Object
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property links an T73 Type of Information Object to another T73 Type of Information Object in a part/whole relationship.

It allows for the decomposition of an Information Object into component parts, and hence the creation of a nested hierarchy of Information Objects
Examples:
* "the love song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (T33) forms part of The Works of T.S. Eliot. (T33)


P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of)

Domain:T74 Type of Group
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property relates an T39 Type of Actor to the T74 Type of Group of which he or she is a member.

Groups, Legal Bodies and Persons, may all be members of Groups. A Group necessarily consists of more than one Person.
Examples:
* Moholy Nagy (T21) is current or former member of Bauhaus (T74)
* National Museum of Science and Industry (T40) has current or former member The National Railway Museum (T40)


P108 has produced (was produced by)

Domain:T12 Type of Production Event
Range:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff
Subproperty of:T11 Type of Modification Event. P31 has modified (was modified by)
T63 Type of Beginning of Existence. P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff that came into existence as a result of an T12 Type of Production Event.

The identity of an instance of T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff is not defined by its matter, but by its existence as a subject of documentation. An T12 Type of Production Event can result in the creation of multiple instances of T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff.
Examples:
* The building of Rome (T12) has produced the Coliseum (T22)


P109 has current or former curator (is current or former curator of)

Domain:T78 Type of Collection
Range:T39 Type of Actor
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T39 Type of Actor or Actors who assume or have assumed overall curatorial responsibility for an T78 Type of Collection.

This property is effectively a short-cut. It does not allow a history of curation to be recorded. This would require use of an Event assigning responsibility for a Collection to a curator.
Examples:
* the Robert Opie Collection (T78) has current or former curator Robert Opie (T39)


P110 augmented (was augmented by)

Domain:T79 Type of Part Addition
Range:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff
Subproperty of:T11 Type of Modification Event. P31 has modified (was modified by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff that is added to (augmented) in an T79 Type of Part Addition.

Although a Part Addition event normally concerns only one item of Physical Man-Made Stuff, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be added to (augmented). For example, the artist Jackson Pollock trailing paint onto multiple canvasses.
Examples:
* the final nail-insertion Event (T79) augmented Coffin of George VI (T24)


P111 added (was added by)

Domain:T79 Type of Part Addition
Range:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T18 Type of Physical Stuff that is added during an T79 Type of Part Addition activity
Examples:
* the insertion of the final nail (T79) added the last nail in George VI's coffin (T18)


P112 diminished (was diminished by)

Domain:T80 Type of Part Removal
Range:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff
Subproperty of:T11 Type of Modification Event. P31 has modified (was modified by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff that was diminished by T80 Type of Part Removal.

Although a Part removal activity normally concerns only one item of Physical Man-Made Stuff, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be diminished by a single Part Removal activity.
Examples:
* the coffin of Tut Ankh Amun (T22) was diminished by The opening of the coffin of Tut Ankh Amun (T80)


P113 removed (was removed by)

Domain:T80 Type of Part Removal
Range:T18 Type of Physical Stuff
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T18 Type of Physical Stuff that is removed during an T80 Type of Part Removal activity.
Examples:
* the opening of the coffin of Tut Ankh Amun (T80) removed The mummy of Tut Ankh Amun (T20,T22)


P114 is equal in time to

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This symmetric property allows the instances of T2 Temporal Entitie with the same T52 Type of Time-Span to be equated.
This is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the equivalence can be calculated).

This property is the same as the "equal" relationship of Allen's temporal logic.
Examples:
* the destruction of the Villa Justinian Tempus (T6) is equal in time to the death of Maximus Venderus (T69)


P115 finishes (is finished by)

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows the ending point for a T2 Type of Temporal Entity to be situated by reference to the ending point of another temporal entity of longer duration.

This is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "finishes / finished-by" relationships of Allen's temporal logic.
Examples:
* Late Bronze Age (T4) finishes Bronze Age (T4)


P116 starts (is started by)

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows the starting point for a T2 Type of Temporal Entity to be situated by reference to the starting point of another temporal entity of longer duration.

This is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "starts / started-by" relationships of Allen's temporal logic.
Examples:
* Early Bronze Age (T4) starts Bronze Age (T4)


P117 occurs during (includes)

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows the entire T52 Type of Time-Span of an T2 Type of Temporal Entity to be situated within the Time-Span of another temporal entity that starts before and ends after the included temporal entity.

This is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "during / includes" relationships of Allen's temporal logic.
Examples:
* Middle Saxon period (T4) occurs during Saxon period (T4)


P118 overlaps in time with (is overlapped in time by)

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies an overlap between the instances of T52 Type of Time-Span of two instances of T2 Type of Temporal Entity.

It implies a temporal order between the two entities: if A overlaps in time B, then A must start before B, and B must end after A. This is property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can b calculated).

This property is the same as the "overlaps / overlapped-by" relationships of Allen's temporal logic.
Examples:
* the Iron Age (T52) overlaps in time with the Roman period (T52)


P119 meets in time with (is met in time by)

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property indicates that one T2 Type of Temporal Entity immediately follows another.

It implies a particular order between the two entities: if A meets in time with B, then A must precede B. This is property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated).

This property is the same as the "meets / met-by " relationships of Allen's temporal logic.
Examples:
* Early Saxon Period (T52) meets in time with Middle Saxon Period (T52)


P120 occurs before (occurs after)

Domain:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Range:T2 Type of Temporal Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the relative chronological sequence of two temporal entities.

It implies that a temporal gap exists between the end of A and the start of B. This is property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated).

This property is the same as the "before / after " relationships of Allen's temporal logic.
Examples:
* Early Bronze Age (T52) occurs before Late Bronze age (T52)


P121 overlaps with

Domain:T53 Type of Place
Range:T53 Type of Place
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This symmetric property allows the instances of T53 Type of Place with overlapping geometric extents to be associated with each other.

It does not specify anything about the shared area. This property is purely spatial, in contrast to Allen operators, which are purely temporal.
Examples:
* the territory of the United States (T53) overlaps with the Arctic (T53)


P122 borders with

Domain:T53 Type of Place
Range:T53 Type of Place
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This symmetric property allows the instances of T53 Type of Place which share common borders to be related as such.

This property is purely spatial, in contrast to Allen operators, which are purely temporal.

Examples:
* Scotland (T53) borders with England (T53)


P123 resulted in (resulted from)

Domain:T81 Type of Transformation
Range:T77 Type of Persistent Item
Subproperty of:T63 Type of Beginning of Existence. P92 brought into existence (was brought into existence by)
Quantification:many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T77 Type of Persistent Item or items that are the result of an T81 Type of Transformation event.

New items replace the transformed item or items, which cease to exist as units of documentation. The physical continuity between the old and the new is expressed by the link to the common Transformation event.
Examples:
* the transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (T81) resulted in the City Hall of Heraklion (T22)
* the death and mummification of Tut Ankh Amun (T81) resulted in the Mummy of Tut Ankh Amun (T22 and T20)


P124 transformed (was transformed by)

Domain:T81 Type of Transformation
Range:T77 Type of Persistent Item
Subproperty of:T64 Type of End of Existence. P93 took out of existence (was taken out of existence by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T77 Type of Persistent Item or items that cease to exist due to a T81 Type of Transformation event.

It is replaced by the result of the Transformation, which becomes a new unit of documentation. The continuity between both items, the new and the old, is expressed by the link to the common Transformation.
Examples:
* the transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (T81) transformed the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion (T22)
* the death and mummification of Tut Ankh Amun (T81) transformed the ruling PharaoTut Ankh Amun (T21)


P125 used object of type (was type of object used in)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property defines the kind of objects used in an T7 Type of Activity, when the specific instance is either unknown or not of interest, such as use of "a hammer".
Examples:
* at the Battle of Agincourt (T7), the English archers used object of type long bow (T55)


P126 employed (was employed in)

Domain:T11 Type of Modification Event
Range:T57 Type of Material
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies T57 Type of Material employed in an T11 Type of Modification Event.

The T57 Type of Material used during the T11 Type of Modification Event does not necessarily become incorporated into the T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff that forms the subject of the T11 Type of Modification Event.
Examples:
* the repairing of the Queen Mary (T11) employed Steel (T57)
* distilled water (T57) was employed in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel (T11)


P127 has broader term (has narrower term)

Domain:T55 Type
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies a super-Type to which an T55 Type is related.

It allows Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of "broader term generic (BTG)" as defined in ISO 2788
Examples:
* dime (T55) has broader term coin (T55)


P128 carries (is carried by)

Domain:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff
Range:T73 Type of Information Object
Superproperty of:T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff. P65 shows visual item (is shown by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies an T73 Type of Information Object carried by an instance of T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff.

In general this would be an T84 Information Carrier P65 shows visual item (is shown by) is a specialisation of P128 carries (is carried by) which should be used for carrying visual items.
Examples:
* Matthew's paperback copy of Reach for the Sky (T84) carries the text of Reach for the Sky (T73)


P129 is about (is subject of)

Domain:T73 Type of Information Object
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Subproperty of:T73 Type of Information Object. P67 refers to (is referred to by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies a T1 Type of CRM Entity that is the subject of an T73 Type of Information Object, in the sense of "aboutness" used in library science.

This differs from P67 refers to (is referred to by), which refers to an T1 Type of CRM Entity, in that it describes the primary subject or subjects of the T73 Type of Information Object.
Examples:
* reach for the Sky (T73) is about Douglas Bader (T39)


P130 shows features of (features are also found on)

Domain:T70 Type of Stuff
Range:T70 Type of Stuff
Superproperty of:T33 Type of Linguistic Object. P73 has translation (is translation of)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property generalises the notions of "copy of" and "similar to" into a dynamic, asymmetric relationship, where the domain expresses the derivative, if such a direction can be established.
Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. It is a short-cut of P15 was influenced by (influenced) in a creation or production, if such a reason for the similarity can be verified. Moreover it expresses similarity in cases that can be stated between two objects only, without historical knowledge about its reasons.
Examples:
* the Parthenon Frieze on the Acropolis in Athens (T22) shows features of the Original Parthenon Frieze in the British museum (T22). Kind of similarity: Copy (T55)


P130.1 kind of similarity

Domain:P130 shows features of (features are also found on)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P131 is identified by (identifies)

Domain:T39 Type of Actor
Range:T82 Type of Actor Appellation
Subproperty of:T1 Type of CRM Entity. P1 is identified by (identifies)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies a name used specifically to identify an T39 Type of Actor.

This property is a specialisation of P1 is identified by (identifies) is identified by.
Examples:
* Tyler Withersopp IV (T39) is identified by US social security number 619-17-4204 (T82)


P132 overlaps with

Domain:T4 Type of Period
Range:T4 Type of Period
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This symmetric property allows instances of T4 Type of Period that overlap both temporally and spatially to be related, i,e. they share some spatio-temporal extent.

This property does not imply any ordering or sequence between the two periods, either spatial or temporal.
Examples:
* the "Urnfield" period (T4) overlaps with the "Hallstatt" period (T4)


P133 is separated from

Domain:T4 Type of Period
Range:T4 Type of Period
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This symmetric property allows instances of T4 Type of Period that do not overlap both temporally and spatially, to be related i,e. they do not share any spatio-temporal extent.

This property does not imply any ordering or sequence between the two periods either spatial or temporal.
Examples:
* the "Hallstatt" period (T4) is separated from the "La Tene" era (T4)


P134 continued (was continued by)

Domain:T7 Type of Activity
Range:T7 Type of Activity
Subproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P15 was influenced by (influenced)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows two activities to be related where the domain is considered as an intentional continuation of the range.

Used multiple times, this allows a chain of related activities to be created which follow each other in sequence.
Examples:
* the construction of the Kolner Dom (Cologne Cathedral) (T7), abandoned in the 15th century, was continued by construction in the 19th century adapting the initial plans so as to preserve the intended appearance (T7)


P135 created type (was created by)

Domain:T83 Type of Type Creation
Range:T55 Type
Subproperty of:T65 Type of Creation Event. P94 has created (was created by)
Quantification:one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)

Scope Note:This property identifies the T55 Type, which is created in an T83Type Creation activity.
Examples:
* classification by Lineas (T83) created type 'Lineus bilineatus (Renier, 1804)' (T55)


P136 was based on (supported type creation)

Domain:T83 Type of Type Creation
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Subproperty of:T7 Type of Activity. P15 was influenced by (influenced)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property identifies one or more items that were used as evidence to declare a new T55 Type.

The examination of these items is often the only objective way to understand the precise characteristics of a new Type. Such items should be deposited in a museum or similar institution for that reason. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of each item to the Type, such as "holotype" or "original element".
Examples:
* the taxon creation of 'Serratula glauca L.' in 1753 (T83) was based on Object BM000576251 of the Clayton Herbarium (T20) in the taxonomic role original element (T55)


P136.1 in the taxonomic role

Domain:P136 was based on (supported type creation)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P137 is exemplified by (exemplifies)

Domain:T55 Type
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property allows an item to be declared as an example of an T55 Type or taxon.

The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of this example to the Type, such as "prototypical", "archetypical" "lectotype", etc. The taxonomic role "lectotype" is not associated with the Type Creation (T83) itself, but selected in a later phase.
Examples:
* 'Spigelia marilandica (L.) L.' (T55) is exemplified by Object BM000098044 of the Clayton Herbarium (T20) in the taxonomic role lectotype


P137.1 in the taxonomic role

Domain:P137 is exemplified by (exemplifies)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:P137.1 in the taxonomic role _quantification

Scope Note:P137.1 in the taxonomic role _scope_note
Examples:P137.1 in the taxonomic role _example


P138 represents (has representation)

Domain:T36 Type of Visual Item
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Subproperty of:T73 Type of Information Object. P67 refers to (is referred to by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property establishes the relationship between an T36 Type of Visual Item and the entity that it visually represents.

Any entity may be represented visually. This property is part of the fully developed path from T24 Type of Physical Man-Made Stuff through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), T36 Type of Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to T1 Type of CRM Entity, which is shortcut by P62depicts (is depicted by). P138.1 mode of representation allows the nature of the representation to be refin
ed.
Examples:
* the design on the reverse of a Swiss coin (T36) represents Helvetia (T28)
mode of representation Profile (T55)

P138.1 mode of representation

Domain:P138 represents (has representation)
Range:T55 Type
Quantification:

Scope Note:
Examples:


P139 has alternative form

Domain:T41 Type of Appellation
Range:T41 Type of Appellation
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property establishes a relationship of synonymy between two instances of T41 Type of Appellation.

The synonymy applies to all cases of use of an instance of T41 Type of Appellation. Multiple names assigned to an object, which, are not always synonymous should be instantiated as repeated values of the "is identified by " property. This property is symmetric but not transitive.
Examples:
* Museum Documentation Association (T41) has alternative form mda (T41)
* Martin Doerr (T41) has alternative form Martin Dorr(T41)


P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by)

Domain:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Superproperty of:T14 Type of Condition Assessment. P34 concerned (was assessed by)
T15 Type of Identifier Assignment. P36 registered (was registered by)
T17 Type of Type Assignment. P41 classified (was classified by)
T16 Type of Measurement Event. P39 measured (was measured by)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property indicates the item to which an attribute or relation is assigned.
Examples:
* February 1997 Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr's silver cup (T13) assigned attribute to Martin Doerr's silver cup (T19)
* 01 June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (T15) registered silver cup 232 (T19)


P141 assigned (was assigned by)

Domain:T13 Type of Attribute Assignment
Range:T1 Type of CRM Entity
Superproperty of:T14 Type of Condition Assessment. P35 has identified (identified by)
T15 Type of Identifier Assignment. P38 deassigned (was deassigned by)
T15 Type of Identifier Assignment. P37 assigned (was assigned by)
T17 Type of Type Assignment. P42 assigned (was assigned by)
T16 Type of Measurement Event. P40 observed dimension (was observed in)
Quantification:many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope Note:This property indicates the attribute that was assigned or the item that was related to the item denoted by a property P140 assigned attribute to in an Attribute assignment action.
Examples:
* February 1997 Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr's silver cup (T13) assigned Martin Doerr (T21)
* 01 June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (T15) assigned object identifier 232